The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is used
to isolate toxin from an
unknown
sample by a separation of a mixture of compounds based on their
distinct chemical properties. These compounds chemically interact
with both a liquid mobile phase and a stationary phase (a powdered
solid material with distinct chemical properties) packed into
a column. In order to precisely quantify the amount of toxin present
in a sample, the HPLC profile of that sample is compared to the
profile of a standard which is obtained by passing pure toxin
through the column. The advantage of this method is that HPLC
instrumental units are widely available in virtually all laboratories
and a single instrument, with minimal modifications, can be used
for a variety of toxins. No animals, biological tissues, or radioactive
materials, need to be used in this type of analysis.