U.S. Dept Commerce/NOAA/NMFS/NWFSC/Publications

CITATIONS

Aguilar, A. 1985. Compartmentation and reliability of sampling procedures in organochlorine pollution surveys of cetaceans. Residue Rev. 95:91-114.

Aguilar, A., and A. Borrell. 1988. Age- and sex-related changes in organochlorine compound levels in fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) from the eastern North Atlantic. Mar. Environ. Res. 25:195-211.

Arkoosh, M. R., E. Casillas, E. Clemons, B. B. McCain, and U. Varanasi. 1991. Suppression of immunological memory in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytcha) from an urban estuary. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 4:261-278.

Ballschmiter, K., and M. Zell. 1980. Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls by capillary gas chromatography. Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 302:20-31.

Birnbaum, L. S. 1985. The role of structure in the disposition of halogenated aromatic xenobiotics. Environ. Health Perspect. 61:11-20.

Bligh, E. G., and W. J. Dyer. 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37:911-917.

Buckland, S. T., J. M. Breiwick, K. L. Cattanach, and J. L. Laake. 1993. Estimated population size of the California gray whale. Mar. Mammal Sci. 9(3):235-249.

Burrows, D. G., D. W. Brown, and W. D. MacLeod, Jr. 1990. Improved sensitivity for aromatic hydrocarbon quantitation by sequencing GC-MS MID scan descriptors. Presented at the 38th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Tucson, Arizona. (Available from Northwest Fish. Sci. Cent., 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112.)

Calambokidis, J. 1992. Gray whale deaths in Puget Sound: A perspective. Puget Sound Notes 28:5-7. (Available from Puget Sound Water Quality Authority, P.O. Box 40900, Olympia, WA 98504-0900.)

Calambokidis, J., and J. Barlow. 1991. Chlorinated hydrocarbon concentrations and their use for describing population discreteness in harbor porpoises from Washington, Oregon, and California. In J. E. Reynolds III and D. K. Odell (editors), Marine mammal strandings in the United States, Proceedings of the Second Marine Mammal Stranding Workshop; 3-5 December 1987, Miami, FL, p. 101-110. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS-98.

Calambokidis, J., J. R. Evenson, T. E. Chandler, and G. H. Steiger. 1992. Individual identification of gray whales in Puget Sound in 1991. Puget Sound Notes 28:1-4. (Available from Puget Sound Water Quality Authority, P.O. Box 40900, Olympia, WA 98504-0900.)

Calambokidis, J., J. R. Evenson, and S. J. Jeffries. 1993. Monitoring of gray whales in Puget Sound and surrounding waters, 1992. Contract Report to Washington Department of Wildlife, 31 p. (Available from Wash. Dep. Wildl., 600 Capitol Way N., Olympia, WA 98501-1091.)

Calambokidis, J., J. Peard, G. H. Steiger, J., R. Evenson, J. C. Cubbage, and R. W. Osborne. 1991. Gray whales in Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Proceedings of the Second Meeting on Puget Sound Research. (Available from Puget Sound Water Quality Authority, P.O. Box 40900, Olympia, WA 98504-0900.)

Calambokidis, G. H. Steiger, J. C. Cubbage, and R. L. Delong. 1984. Chemical contaminants in marine mammals from Washington state. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NOS OMS 6, 167 p.

Casillas, E., D. A. Misitano, L. L. Johnson, L. D. Rhodes, T. K. Collier, J. E. Stein, B. B. McCain, and U. Varanasi. 1991. Inducibility of spawning and reproductive success of female English sole (Parophrys vetulus) from urban and nonurban areas of Puget Sound, Washington. Mar. Environ. Res. 31:99-122.

Cerundolo, D. L., S. F. Coons, E. D. Gibson, and C. P. Loreti. 1988. Matrix elements and ligands. In I. Bodek, W. J. Lyman, W. F. Reehl, and D. H. Rosenblatt (editors), Environmental inorganic chemistry, properties, processes, and estimation methods. Pergamon Press, New York, p. 6.1-1 - 6.12-13.

Cockcroft, V. G., A. C. DeKock, D. A. Lord, and G. J. B. Ross. 1989. Organochlorines in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the east coast of South Africa. So. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 8:207-217.

Darling, J. D. 1984. Gray whales off Vancouver S. L. Swartz, and S. Leatherwood (editors), The gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus). Academic Press, New York, p. 267-287.

DeLong, R. L., W. G. Gilmartin, and J. G. Simpson. 1973. Premature births in California sea lions: Association with high organochlorine pollutant residue levels. Science, 181:1168-1170.

Duinker, J. C., M. Hikkebrand, T. J. Nolting, and R. F. Nolting. 1979. Organochlorines and metals in harbour seals (Dutch Wadden Sea). Mar. Pollut. Bull. 10:360-364.

Eggimann, D. W., and P. R. Betzer. 1976. Decomposition and analysis of refractory oceanic suspended materials. Anal. Chem. 48:886-890.

Farrington, J. W., E. D. Goldberg, R. W. Risebrough, J. H. Martin, and V. T. Brown. 1983. US "Mussel Watch" 1976-1978: An overview of the trace-metal, DDE, PCB, hydrocarbon, and artificial radionuclide data. Environ. Sci. Technol. 17:490-496.

Feely, R. A., G. J. Massoth, A. J. Paulson, and J. F. Gendron. 1983. Possible evidence for enrichment of trace elements in the hydrous manganese oxide phases of suspended matter from an urbanized embayment. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Mar. Sci. 13:693-708.

Feely, R. A., G. J. Massoth, and W. M. Landing. 1981. Major- and trace-element composition of suspended matter in the north-east Gulf of Alaska: Relationships with major sources. Mar. Chem. 10:431-453.

Fouty, R. A. 1984. Necropsy of a California grey whale. Report of Medical Associates, Seattle, WA. 6 p. (Available from Mercer Island Medical Clinic, 3036 78th SE, Mercer Island, WA, 98040.)

Fujise Y., K. Honda, R. Tatsukawa, and S. Mishima. 1988. Tissue distribution of heavy metals in Dall's porpoise in the northwestern Pacific. Mar. Poll. Bull. 19 (5):226-230.

Geraci, J. R. 1989. Clinical investigation of the 1987-88 mass mortality of bottlenose dolphins along the U.S. Central and South Atlantic Coast. Report to National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Navy Office of Naval Research, and Marine Mammal Commission, 63 p. (Available from Dept. of Pathology, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada NIG 2W1.)

Goyer, R. A. 1986. Toxic Effects of Metals. In C. D. Klaassen, M. O. Amdur, and J. Doull (editors), Casarett and Doull's toxicology: The basic science of poisons, 3rd edition. Macmillan, New York, p. 582-635.

Hanson, S. W. F., and J. Olley. 1963. Application of the Bligh and Dyer method of lipid extraction to tissue homogenates. Biochem. J. 89:101.

Henry J., and P. B. Best. 1983. Organochlorine residues in whales landed at Durban, So. Afr. Mar. Poll. Bull. 14 (6):223-227.

Honda, K., Y. Yamamoto, H. Kato, and R. Tatsukawa. 1987. Heavy metal accumulations and their recent changes in southern Minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16:209-216.

Johnson, L. L., E. Casillas, T. K. Collier, B. B. McCain, and U. Varanasi. 1988. Contaminant effects on ovarian development in English Sole (Parophrys vetulus) from Puget Sound, Washington. Can. J. Fish. Aquatic Sci. 45: 2133-2146.

Johnson, L. L., E. Casillas, D. A. Misitano, T. K. Collier, J. E. Stein, B. B. McCain, and U. Varanasi. 1989. Bioindicators of reproductive impairment in female English Sole (Parophrys vetulus) exposed to environmental contaminants. In Oceans '89, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Conference Record, Vol. 2, p. 391-396. Piscataway, NJ, 08854.

Kimura, N. T., and T. Baba. 1973. Neoplastic changes in the rat liver induced by polychlorinated biphenyls. Gann 64:105.

Krahn, M. M., C. A. Wigren, R. W. Pearce, L. K. Moore, R. G. Bogar, W. D. MacLeod, Jr., S-L. Chan, and D. W. Brown. 1988. Standard analytical procedures of the NOAA National Analytical Facility, 1988: New HPLC cleanup and revised extraction procedures for organic contaminants. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo, NMFS F/NWC-153, 52 p.

Krahn, M. M., L. D. Rhodes, M. S. Myers, L. K. Moore, W. D. MacLeod, Jr., and D. C. Malins. 1986. Association between metabolites of aromatic compounds in bile and the occurrence of hepatic lesions in English Sole (Parophrys vetulus) from Puget Sound, Washington. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 15:61-67.

Krone, C. A. , J. E. Stein, and U. Varanasi. 1992. Estimation of levels of metabolites of aromatic hydrocarbons in fish tissues by HPLC/fluorescence analysis. Chemosphere. 24:497-510.

Lee, R. F., R. Sanerheber, and G. H. Dobbs. 1972. Uptake, metabolism and discharge of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by marine fish. Mar. Biol. 17:201-208.

Loreti, C.P. 1988. Chemical composition of the environment. In I. Bodek, W. J. Lyman, W. F. Reehl, and D. H. Rosenblatt (editors), Environmental inorganic chemistry, properties, processes, and estimation methods, Appendix B, p. B1-B18. Pergamon Press, New York.

Mallonee, J. S. 1991. Behavior of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) summering off the northern California coast, Patrick's Point to Crescent City. Can. J. Zool. 69:681-690.

Martineau, D., P. Beland, C. Desjardins, and A. Lagace. 1987. Levels of organochlorine chemicals in tissues of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16:137-147.

McFarland, V. A., and J. U. Clarke. 1989. Environmental occurrence, abundance, and potential toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners: Considerations for a congener-specific analysis. Environ. Health Perspect. 81:225-239.

Myers, M. S., L. D. Rhodes, and B. B. McCain. 1987. Pathologic anatomy and patterns of occurrence of hepatic neoplasms, putative preneoplastic lesions, and other idiopathic hepatic conditions in English sole (Parophrys vetulus) from Puget Sound, Washington, U.S.A. J. Natl. Can. Inst. 78 (2):333-363.

National Research Council (NRC). 1980. Mineral tolerance of domestic animals. National Research Council/National Academy of Science, Washington DC, 577 p.

Nerini, M. 1984. A review of gray whale feeding ecology. In M. L. Jones, S. L. Swartz, and S. Leatherwood (editors), The gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus). Academic Press, New York, p. 423-448.

Patten, D. R., and W. F. Samaras. 1977. Unseasonable occurrences of gray whales. Bull. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. 76:206-208.

Pike, G. C. 1962. Migration and feeding of the gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus). J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 19:815-838.

Reijnders, P. J. H. 1986. Reproductive failure in common seals feeding on fish from polluted waters. Nature 324 (6096):456-457.

Reilly, S. B. 1992. Population biology and status of eastern Pacific gray whales: Recent developments. In D. R. McCullough and R. H. Barrett (editors), Wildlife 2001: Populations. Elsevier Applied Science, New York, p. 1062-1074.

Rice, D. W., and A. A. Wolman. 1971. The life history and ecology of the gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus). Spec. Publ. No. 3, Am. Soc. Mammalogists.

Rice, D. W., A. Wolman, and H. W. Brahm. 1984. The gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus). In J. M. Brewick and H. W. Brahm (editors), The status of endangered whales. U.S. Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Mar. Fish. Rev. 46(4):7-14.

Safe, S. 1990. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins(PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and related compounds: Environmental and mechanistic, considerations which support the development of toxic equivalency factors (TEFs). CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 21 (1):51-88.

Safe, S. 1984. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs): Biochemistry, toxicology, and mechanism of action. CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 13:319-395.

Schaffer, H. A., R. W. Gossett, C. F. Ward, and A. M. Westcott. 1984. Chlorinated hydrocarbons in marine mammals. In W. Bascom (editor), Biennial report, 1983-1984, p. 109-114. South. Calif. Coastal Water Res. Proj., Long Beach, CA.

Stegeman, J. J. 1981. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolism in the marine environment. In H.V. Gelboin and P. O. P. Ts'O (editors), Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Academic Press, New York, p. 1-60.

Sumich, J. L. 1984. Gray whales along the Oregon Coast in summer, 1977-1980. Murrelet 65:33-40.

Varanasi, U., S-L. Chan, B. B. McCain, J. T. Landahl, M. H. Schiewe, R. C. Clark, Jr., D. W. Brown, M. S. Myers, M. M. Krahn, W. D. Gronlund, and W. D. MacLeod, Jr. 1989a. National Benthic Surveillance Project: Pacific Coast, Part II, Technical presentation of the results for cycles I to III (1984-86). U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS F/NWC-170, 159 p.

Varanasi U., W. L. Reichert, J. E. Stein, D. W. Brown, and H. R. Sanborn. 1985. Bioavailability and biotransformation of aromatic hydrocarbons in benthic organisms exposed to sediment from an urban estuary. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19:836-841.

Varanasi, U., J. E. Stein, L. L. Johnson, T. K. Collier, E. Casillas, and M. S. Myers. 1992a. Evaluation of bioindicators of contaminant exposure and effects in coastal ecosystems. In D. H. McKenzie, D. E. Hyatt, and V. J. McDonald (editors), Ecological indicators, Vol. 1. Elsevier Applied Science, London, p. 461-498.

Varanasi, U., J. E. Stein, and M. Nishimoto. 1989b. Biotransformation and disposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fish. In U. Varanasi (editor), Metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, p. 93-149.

Varanasi, U., J. E. Stein, W. L. Reichert, K. L. Tilbury, and S-L. Chan. 1992b. Chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons in bottom sediments, fish and marine mammals in U. S. coastal waters: laboratory and field studies of metabolism and accumulation. In C. Walker and D. R. Livinstone (editors), Persistent pollutants in the marine environment. Pergamon Press, New York, p. 83-115.

Wagemann, R., and D. C. G. Muir. 1984. Concentrations of heavy metals and organochlorines in marine mammals of northern waters: Overview and evaluation. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. No. 1279, 100 p.

Wagemann, R., N. B. Snow, A. Lutz, and D. P. Scott. 1983. Heavy metals in tissue and organs of the narwhal (Mondon monoceros). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 40:206-214.

Waid, J. S. (editor). 1986. PCBs and the environment. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, Vol. II, p. 192.

Weitkamp, L. A., R. C. Wissman, and C. A. Simenstad. 1992. Gray whale foraging on ghost shrimp (Callianassa californiensis) in littoral sand flats of Puget Sound, U.S.A. Can. J. Zool. 70:2275-2285.

Wolman, A. A., and A. J. Wilson, Jr. 1970. Occurrence of pesticides in whales. Pestic. Monit. J. 4 (1):8-10.

Yamamoto, Y., K. Honda, H. Hidaka, and R. Tatsukawa. 1987. Tissue distribution of heavy metals in weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddelli). Mar. Poll. Bull. 18:164-169.