TABLE 2.9.
Chlorinated hydrocarbons (measured by HPLC/PDA) as risk factors for liver lesions in female English sole, based on mean concentrations and prevalence data, Flatfish Reproductive Injury Study. Logistic regression was used to calculate the p values for the odd ratios/estimated relative risks associated with mean concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons, while simultaneously adjusting for influence of mean fish age on probability of lesion occurrence. Significant relative risks and p values are shown in bold type. Parenthesized values shown under p values are odds ratios/estimated relative risks. Odds ratios represent the effect of each additional part per billion (wet weight) on the probability of lesion occurrence. FCA = foci cellular alteration. Prolif = non-neoplastic proliferative lesions. SDN = specific degenerative/necrotic lesions. Any Tox Lesion = any toxicopathic hepatic lesion. RR_e = estimated relative risk. GM = grand mean; overall odds of lesion occurrence for entire dataset. NC = no convergence in logistic regression analysis; unable to calculate odds ratio. n = 4 composite analyses, determined for the Hylebos Waterway and Colvos Passage at the 12/94 and 1/95 samplings.

	Hepatic Lesions
Chemicalsa	Neoplasms	FCA	Prolif	SDN	Any Tox Lesion
HCB	0.581	0.077	0.057	0.054	<0.001
		(1.302)	NC	(1.064)	(1.053)
PCBs	0.573	0.071	0.056	0.047	<0.001
		(1.007)	NC	(1.002)	(1.002)
PCB 105	0.585	0.045	0.055	0.039	<0.001
		(1.135)	NC	(1.053)	(1.043)
PCB 118	0.562	0.078	0.058	0.059	<0.001
		(1.006)	NC	(1.016)	(1.013)
non-dioxin-like	0.579	0.061	0.055	0.044	<0.001
PCBs		(1.009)	NC	(1.003)	(1.003)
dioxin-like	0.559	0.078	0.057	0.054	<0.001
PCBs		(1.043)	NC	(1.008)	(1.006)
DDTs	0.554	0.072	0.055	0.047	<0.001
		(1.297)	NC	(1.082)	(1.065)
PCBs, TCDD TEQ	0.566	0.078	0.057	0.053	<0.001
		(1.457)	NC	(1.083)	(1.067)

^a Abbreviations for analytes are as follows: HCB = hexachlorobenzene; PCBs = summed concentration of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, in ng/g wet weight, measured using the HPLC/PDA analysis method (Krahn et al. 1994). PCB congeners included in the summary are 180, 170, 157, 156, 153, 138, 128, and 118, 105, and 101. Congeners 77, 126, 169, and 189 were also monitored, but concentrations were below detection limits (generally, less than 1 ng/g wet weight; specific detection limits for individual samples and congeners are listed in the Case Narratives for PCB HPLC/PDA analyses, Appendix C) in all samples analyzed, with the exception of one fish from the Hylebos Waterway; PCB 105 = polychlorinated biphenyl congener 105; PCB 118 = polychlorinated biphenyl congener 118; DDTs = summed DDTs and its breakdown products (see Appendix B); non-dioxin-like PCBs = PCBs 153, 138,128,101; dioxin-like PCBs = PCBs 77, 105, 118, 126, 156, 157, 169, 170, 180, and 189; PCBs, TCDD TEQ = summation of TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) toxic equivalents in pg/g wet weight of dioxin-like PCB congeners (PCBs 77, 105, 118, 126, 156, 157, 169, 170, 180, and 189).

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