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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Approximate boundary (solid outline) of the marine waters that contain the Pacific hake spawning     aggregations that constitute the Georgia Basin DPS 

Figure 2. Approximate boundaries of areas containing the coastal marine waters for the four Pacific cod DPS scenarios considered by the BRT

Figure 3. Approximate boundary (solid outline) of coastal marine waters that contain spawning agggregations of walleye pollock belonging to the Lower boreal Eastern Pacific DPS 

Figure 4. Regional water masses and subareas of Puget Sound.

Figure 5. Geographical locations and important water bodies in Puget Sound mentioned in the text.

Figure 6. The Pacific Northwest Index (PNI) is a terrestrial climate index that characterizes Pacific Northwest climatic patterns in both coastal waters and freshwater habitats. 

Figure 7. Pacific decadal oscillation index (PDO), annual averages from 1900-98. 

Figure 8. The first two principal component scores from a principal component analysis of 100 environmental time series.

Figure 9. Locations of major eelgrass beds in Puget Sound 

Figure 10. Locations of major kelp beds in Puget Sound

Figure 11 (A and B). Schematic of Puget Sound circulation during flood tide and ebb tide.

Figure 12. International marine fisheries statistical areas as established by the Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission in the California to British Columbia region. 

Figure 13. Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans Minor Statistical Areas in the Strait of Georgia and Strait of Juan de Fuca.

Figure 14. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Marine Fish Management Regions of Puget Sound.

Figure 15. Geographical locations in the Strait of Georgia and on the southern coast of British Columbia considered in this manuscript.

Figure 16. Marine zoogeographic provinces of the North Pacific Ocean. 

Figure 17. Migratory patterns of the offshore stock of Pacific hake. 

Figure 18. Proportion of length of Puget Sound Pacific hake in 1987 research trawl survey. 

Figure 19. Known spawning locations (in italics) of Pacific hake in Puget Sound and southern British Columbia.

Figure 20. Historical location of major Pacific hake trawl fisheries in Puget Sound as described in Pedersen and DiDonato (1982).

Figure 21. Port Susan Pacific hake length frequency composition from 1982 to 1999 in spring acoustic survey trawl samples.

Figure 22. Estimated size composition (numbers by length category) of Pacific hake in the Port Susan population, based on acoustic-trawl surveys during 1982-99.

Figure 23. Maturity schedule for female Pacific hake caught during WDFW hydro-acoustic surveys in the Port Susan area.

Figure 24. Biomass of Pacific hake in Port Susan as a function of year from 1982-2000.

Figure 25. Estimate of total number of Pacific hake in Port Susan from 1982-1999.

Figure 26. Regional designation for inside waters of Washington, for analysis of the status of pinniped populations, as defined in NMFS (1997).

Figure 27. Estimates of Pacific hake productivity (G) under Model 1 and lowest and highest levels of pinniped predation on Pacific hake.

Figure 28. Estimates of Pacific hake productivity (G) under Model 2 and lowest and highest levels of pinniped predation on Pacific hake.

Figure 29. Geographic distribution (cross hatching) and major known spawning locations (!) of Pacific cod.

Figure 30. Proportion at length of Puget Sound cod in 1987 research trawl survey.

Figure 31. Current and historical spawning locations (in italics) of Pacific cod in Puget Sound and southern British Columbia.

Figure 32. Known spawning locations (in italics) of Pacific cod in northern British Columbia.

Figure 33. Historical location of major Pacific cod sport, trawl and set-net fisheries and walleye pollock trawl fishery in northern Puget Sound and Strait of Juan de Fuca as described in Pedersen and DiDonato (1982).

Figure 34. Historical location of major Pacific cod sport, trawl and set-net fisheries in Puget Sound as described in Pedersen and DiDonato (1982).

Figure 35. Recovery locations in February and March of 1978 and 1979 of Pacific cod tagged in Agate Passage in February and March of 1977.

Figure 36. Mean length (cm) at age for Pacific cod from selected locations.

Figure 37. Length composition of Pacific cod from commercial catch during the spawning months of January to March in Canadian fisheries between 1974 and 1979 at White Rocks-Bonilla, Amphitrite Bank, Nanoose Bay, and MSA 14 fishing grounds.

Figure 38. Estimates of fecundity of Pacific cod at length in selected locations.

Figure 39. Historical Pacific cod catch in Puget Sound by trawl, set net, other commercial and recreational gear.

Figure 40A. Pacific cod catches (metric tons) from 1970 to 1991 in Area 4B (Strait of Georgia) and Area 4A. (Puget Sound and U.S. portion of Strait of Georgia).

Figure 40B. Walleye pollock catches (thousands of metric tons) from 1970 to 1991 in Area 4B (Strait of Georgia) and Area 4A (Puget Sound and U.S. portion of Strait of Georgia).

Figure 41. Geographic distribution (cross hatching) and major known spawning locations (!) of walleye pollock.

Figure 42. Hypothetical model of the population structure of walleye pollock.

Figure 43. Proportion at length of Puget Sound walleye pollock in 1987 research trawl survey.

Figure 44. Historical location of major walleye pollock sport fisheries in Puget Sound as described in Pedersen and DiDonato (1982).

Figure 45. Current and historical spawning locations (in italics) of walleye pollock in Puget Sound and southern British Columbia.

Figure 46. Known spawning locations (in italics) of walleye pollock along the coast of northern British Columbia.

Figure 47. Minor Statistical Areas (MSA) in the Strait of Georgia and vicinity, including Area 12.

Figure 48. Length-fecundity relationships for selected populations of walleye pollock throughout the species range (data from fecundity-length equations in Table A-8).

Figure B-1. Estimates of probability of extinction of the Port Susan populations of Pacific hake using Model 1 and 10 hypothetical levels of pinniped predation.

Figure B-2. Estimates of probability that biomass of the Port Susan population of Pacific hake is lessthan 10 kg using Model 2 and 10 hypothetical levels of pinniped predation.

Figure B-3. Estimates of probability that biomass of the Port Susan population of Pacific hake is lessthan 1 mt using Model 2 and 10 hypothetical levels of pinniped predation.

Figure B-4. Estimates of probability that biomass of the Port Susan population of Pacific hake is less than 50 mt using Model 2 and 10 hypothetical levels of pinniped predation.

Figure B-5. Projected 12 year trends in average Port Susan Pacific hake biomass using Model 2 under 10 hypothetical levels of pinniped predation.

Figure B-6. Projected 12 year trends in median Port Susan Pacific hake biomass using Model 2 under 10 hypothetical levels of pinniped predation.

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Mean annual streamflow of major Puget Sound streams (from Staubitz et al. 1997).

Table 2. Estimated body size of Pacific hake sampled during research trawling in major regions of Puget Sound in 1987 (from Quinnell and Schmitt 1991).

Table 3. Hydro-acoustic estimates of biomass of Pacific hake in the Port Susan area, 1983-1994 (Palsson et al. 1997).

Table 4. Estimates of total Pacific hake biomass, average weight, and numbers of fish in the Port Susan area during the spawning season.

Table 5. Fishery trends for Pacific hake in Southern Puget Sound (modified from Palsson et al. 1997).

Table 6. Area-swept-estimates of biomass, number and size of Pacific hake in the Puget Sound population from WDFW trawl surveys.

Table 7. Hydro-acoustic estimates of Pacific hake biomass in the Canadian portion of the Strait of Georgia.

Table 8. Commercial catches of Pacific hake in the Port Susan area.

Table 9. California sea lion counts and hypothetical consumption of Pacific hake in Puget Sound.

Table 10. Hypothetical estimates of consumption of Pacific hake in Puget Sound and Eastern Bays by harbor seals.

Table 11. Estimates of productivity (G) of the Port Susan population of Pacific hake at 10 levels of pinniped consumption using equation 1.

Table 12. Estimates of productivity (G) of the Port Susan population of Pacific hake at 10 levels of pinniped consumption using equation 2.

Table 13. Estimates of total rate of exploitation of Port Susan Pacific hake by humans and pinnipeds under 10 hypothetical levels of pinniped predation.

Table 14. Mean annual catches of Pacific cod from selected major geographical regions of the north Pacific for the years 1960 to 1977.

Table 15. Comparison of mean lengths (cm) at age for Pacific cod from selected sites in the Georgia Basin, Hecate Strait, and the Bering Sea (data from Karp 1982).

Table 16. Estimated body size of Pacific cod sampled during research trawling in major regions of Puget Sound in 1987 (from Quinnell and Schmitt 1991).

Table 17. Fishery trends for Pacific cod in Northern Puget Sound (modified from Palsson et al. 1997).

Table 18. Fishery trends for Pacific cod in Southern Puget Sound (modified from Palsson et al. 1997).

Table 19. Estimated biomass, number and size of Pacific cod in the Puget Sound population from WDFW trawl surveys.

Table 20. Standardized results from Agate Passage fishery monitoring for Pacific cod.

Table 21. Canadian or Canada-U.S. annual nominal catch (t), equivalent nominal effect (h), and median CPUE (kg/h), by region, for Pacific cod in British Columbia waters, 1955-91.

Table 22. Annual landings (metric tons) of Pacific cod in British Columbia waters by major area,1992-99.

Table 23. Time series of estimates for Pacific cod age 3+ biomass, spawning biomass, and survey biomass (in 1000's of mt) in the Gulf of Alaska (Modified from Thompson et al. (1999)).

Table 24. Pacific cod harvest (mt), and effort (permits), in inside waters of Southeast Alaska, (NSEI and SSEI subdistricts), 1987 - September 1998.

Table 25. Estimated commercial landings (mt) of Pacific cod off the U.S. west coast, 1983-1998.

Table 26. Total annual production (releases) of yearling chinook in Puget Sound (WDFW hatchery data, 1970-1996, from Jim West, WDFW, pers. commun. to C. Schmitt).

Table 27. Commercial catches of walleye pollock in metric tons by region of the northeast Pacific Ocean for selected years (Modified from Bakkala et al. 1986).

Table 28. Incubation times and hatching success of walleye pollock eggs incubated at various temperatures.

Table 29. Estimated body size of walleye pollock sampled during research trawling in major regions of Puget Sound in 1987 (from Quinnell and Schmitt 1991).

Table 30. Fishery trends for walleye pollock in Northern Puget Sound (modified from Palsson et al. 1997).

Table 31. Fishery trends for walleye pollock in Southern Puget Sound (modified from Palsson et al. 1997).

Table 32. Estimated biomass, number and size of walleye pollock in the Puget Sound population from WDFW trawl surveys.

Table 33. Total landings (t) of walleye pollock by major statistical area, 1954-1996.

Table 34. Walleye pollock catches (mt, including discards) during 1991-1998 in the Gulf of Alaska.

Table A-1. Spawning duration (shaded) and peak spawning (heavy shading) of Pacific hake in selected locations.

Table A-2. Length (cm) at first maturity, at 50% maturity (L/50), and at 100% (L/100) maturity of selected Pacific hake populations.

Table A-3. Spawning duration (shaded) and peak spawning (heavy shading) of Pacific cod in selected locations.

Table A-4. Results of Pacific cod tagging during the spawning season in selected areas.

Table A-5. Length (cm) at first maturity, at 50% maturity (L/50), and at 100% (L/100) maturityof Pacific cod in selected locations.

Table A-6. Spawning duration (shaded) and peak spawning (heavy shading) of walleye pollock in selected locations.

Table A-7. Fork length (cm) at first maturity, at 50% maturity (L/50), and at 100% (L/100) maturity of selected walleye pollock populations.

Table A-8. Length-fecundity relationship for female walleye pollock from selected regions.

Table B-1.  B-1. Ten hypothetical levels of Fsl(i) in Puget Sound .

Table B-2. Ten hypothetical levels of Fhs(1999) in Puget Sound and Eastern Bays combined.