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Home
 •Forecast as of January 2012
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Large–scale Ocean and Atmospheric Indicators
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Local and Regional Physical Indicators
 •Sea surface temperature anomalies
 •Coastal upwelling
 •Physical spring transition
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Local Biological Indicators
 •Copepod biodiversity
 •Northern copepod anomalies
 •Copepod community structure
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Indicators Under Development
 
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 •Juvenile salmon sampling
 
Introduction to Pacific Northwest Oceanography
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Glossary
 


References


Bakun, A.  1973.  Coastal upwelling indices, west coast of North America, 1946–71.  U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Report NMFS–SSRF–671.

Bakun, A.  1996.  Patterns in the ocean:  ocean processes and marine population dynamics.  University of California Sea Grant, La Jolla.

Beamish, R. J., and C. Mahnken.  2001.  A critical size and period hypothesis to explain natural regulation of salmon abundance and the linkage to climate and climate change.  Progress in Oceanography 49:423–437.

Bond, N. A., J. E. Overland, M. Spillane, and P. Stabeno.  2003.  Recent shifts in the state of the North Pacific.  Geophysical Research Letters  30(23):2183.

Bograd, S. J., I. Schroeder, N. Sarkar, X. Qiu, W. J. Sydeman, and F. B. Schwing. 2009. Phenology of coastal upwelling in the California Current. Geophys Res Lett 36.

Brodeur, R. D., E. A. Daly, C. A. Benkwitt, C. A. Morgan, and R. L. Emmett.  In Press.  Catching the prey:  Sampling juvenile fish and invertebrate prey fields of juvenile coho and Chinook salmon during their early marine residence.  Fisheries Research.  doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2010.11.023

Brodeur, R. D., R.A. Schabetsberger, and K. L. Mier.  2007.  Interannual and interdecadal variability in juvenile coho salmon diets in relation to environmental changes in the Northern California Current.  Fisheries Oceanography 16:395-408

CDFG (California Department of Fish and Game). 2009.  Report to the Fish and Game Commission: A status review of the longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) in California.  Internal report available at www.dfg.ca.gov (January 2010). 

Columbia River DART (Data Access in Real Time).  1996—.  Online interactive database of the Columbia Basin Research group, University of Washington School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences.  Available at www.cbr.washington.edu (September 2008).

Daly, E. A., R. D. Brodeur, and L. A. Weitkamp.  2009.  Ontogenetic shifts in diets of juvenile and subadult coho and Chinook salmon in coastal marine waters:  Important for marine survival?  Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 138:1420–1438.

Emmett, R. L.  2006.  The relationships between fluctuations in oceanographic conditions, forage fishes, predatory fishes, predator food habits, and juvenile salmonid marine survival off the Columbia River.  Ph.D. Thesis, Oregon State University, Corvallis.

Emmett, R. L., S. L. Stone, S. A. Hinton, and M. E. Monaco.  1991.  Distribution and abundance of fishes and invertebrates in West Coast estuaries, Volume II:  Species life history summaries.  Estuarine Living Marine Resources (ELMR) Report No. 8. NOAA/NOS, SEA Division, Rockville, MD.

Fessenden, L. M.  1996.  Calanoid copepod diet in an upwelling system: phagotrophic protists vs. phytoplankton.  Ph.D. Thesis, Oregon State University, Corvallis.

Gunsolus, R. T.  1978.  The status of Oregon coho and recommendations for managing the production, harvest, and escapement of wild and hatchery–reared stocks.  Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Clackamas, OR.

Hart, J. L.  1973.  Pacific Fishes of Canada.  Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bulletin 180:278–279. 

Healey, M. C.  1991.  Life history of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).  Pages 311–394 in C. Groot and L. Margolis, editors.  Pacific salmon life histories.  University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver. 

Hooff, R. C., and W. T. Peterson.  2006.  Copepod biodiversity as an indicator of changes in ocean and climate conditions of the northern California current ecosystem.  Limnology and Oceaonography 51(6).

Logerwell, E. A., N. J. Mantua, P. W. Lawson, R. C. Francis, and V. N. Agostini.  2003.  Tracking environmental processes in the coastal zone for understanding and predicting Oregon coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) marine survival.  Fisheries Oceanography 12(6):554–568.

Love, M. S., M. Yoklavich, and L. Thorsteinson.  2002.  The rockfishes of the Northeast Pacific.  University of California Press, London, UK. 

Mantua, N. J., S. R. Hare, Y. Zhang, J. M. Wallace, and R. C. Francis.  1997.  A Pacific decadal climate oscillation with impacts on salmon.  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 78:1069–1079.

Matarese, A. C., A. W. Kendall, Jr., D. M. Blood, and B. M. Vinter.   1989.  The rockfishes of the Northeast Pacific.  Laboratory guide to the early life history stages of Northeast Pacific fishes.  U.S. Deparment of Commerce, NOAA Technical Report NMFS 80

Miller, C. B., H. P. Batchelder, R. D. Brodeur, and W. G. Pearcy.  1985.  Response of the zooplankton and ichthyoplankton off Oregon to the El Niño event of 1983.  Pages 185–187 in Worster, W. W., and D. L. Fluharty, editors.  El Niño North.  Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington, Seattle.

Myers, J. M., R. G. Kope, G. J. Bryant, D. J. Teel, L. J. Lierheimer, T. C. Wainwright, W. S. Grant, F. W. Waknitz, K. Neely, S. Lindley, and R. S. Waples.  1998.  Status review of Chinook salmon from Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and California.  U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-35.

Nickelson, T. E.  1986.  Influences of upwelling, ocean temperature, and smolt abundance on marine survival of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Oregon Production Area.  Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43:527–535.

Pearcy, W. G.  1992.  Ocean Ecology of North Pacific Salmonids.  Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington Press, Seattle.

Peterson, W. T.  2009.  Copepod species richness as an indicator of long–term changes in the coastal ecosystem of the northern California Current.  California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) Report 50:73-81.

Peterson, W. T., and J. E. Keister.  2003.  Interannual variability in copepod community composition at a coastal station in the northern California Current:  a multivariate approach.  Deep Sea Research Part II:  Topical Studies in Oceanography 50(14–16):2499–2517.

Peterson, W. T., and C. B. Miller.  1975.  Year–to–year variations in the planktology of the Oregon upwelling zone.  Fishery Bulletin, U.S. 73:642–653.

Peterson, W. T., and C. B. Miller.  1977.  Seasonal cycle of zooplankton abundance and species composition along the central Oregon coast.  Fishery Bulletin, U.S. 75:717–724.

Peterson, W. T., C. A. Morgan, J. P. Fisher, and E. Casillas.  2010.  Ocean distribution and habitat associations of yearling coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Chinook (O. tshawytscha) salmon in the northern California Current.  Fisheries Oceanography  19(6):508-525.

PFMC (Pacific Fishery Management Council).  2000—.  Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation (SAFE) Documents:  Preseason reports.  Internal reports of the Salmon Technical Team to the Pacific Fishery Management Council.  Portland, Oregon.

PFMC (Pacific Fishery Management Council).  2011.  Review of the 2010 Ocean salmon fisheries. PFMC, Portland, OR, February 2011. Available online at http://www.pcouncil.org/salmon/stock-assessment-and-fishery-evaluation-safe-documents/review-of-2010-ocean-salmon-fisheries/

Sandercock, F. K.  1991.  Life history of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch).  Pages 395–446 in C. Groot and L. Margolis, editors.  Pacific salmon life histories.  University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver. 

Scheuerell, M. D., and J. G. Williams.  2005.  Forecasting climate induced changes in the survival of Snake River spring/summer Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).  Fisheries Oceanography 14(6):448–457.

Ware, D. M., and G. A. McFarlane.  1989.  Fisheries production domains in the Northeast Pacific Ocean.  Pages 359–379 in Beamish, R. J., and G. A. McFarlane, editors.  Effects of ocean variability on recruitment and an evaluation of parameters used in stock assessment models.  Canadian Special Publications of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 108.

Weitkamp L. A., T. C. Wainwright, G. J. Bryant, G. B. Milner, D. J. Teel, R. G. Kope, and R. S. Waples.  1995.  Status review of coho salmon from Washington, Oregon, and California. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-24

Whiteaker, J. J., and K. Fryer.  2007.  Age and length composition of Columbia Basin Chinook and sockeye salmon and steelhead at Bonneville Dam in 2006.  Internal report.  Columbia River Inter–Tribal Fish Commission 07–4

Wolter, K., and M. S. Timlin.  1998.  Measuring the strength of ENSO events:  How does 1997/98 rank?  Weather 53:315-324.

 

 





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