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F0.1
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The point on the spawning per recruit curve at which the level of spawning per recruit is 35% or 40% of the maximum.
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F20%
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The level of fishing mortality that results in a spawning potential ratio of 20% of the maximum.
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F25%
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The level of fishing mortality that results in a spawning potential ratio of 25% of the maximum.
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F30%
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The level of fishing mortality that results in a spawning potential ratio of 30% of the maximum.
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F40%
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The level of fishing mortality that results in a spawning potential ratio of 40% of the maximum.
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FABC
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The level of fishing mortality that results in the allowable biological catch.
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FAO
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United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.
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FDA
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U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
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fertilization
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The joining or fusion of the male gamete (sperm) and the female gamete (egg) to form a zygote during sexual reproduction. See also gamete and zygote.
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fin ray
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A slender, rod-shaped structure that supports the membranes of the fins of a fish. There are two types of rays, soft rays and spines. Soft rays are jointed, often branched, and flexible near their tips. Spines are unjointed, unbranched, and usually sharp at the tip and stiff along the shaft.
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Fish Ecology Division
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One of six divisions under the Science Director's Office of the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. See also NWFSC.
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fishery
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1) One or more stocks of fish that can be treated as a unit for purposes of conservation and management and that are identified on the basis of geographic, scientific, technical, recreational, or economic characteristics or method of catch; 2) any fishing for such stocks.
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Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division
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One of six divisions under the Science Director's Office of the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. See also NWFSC.
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fishing mortality rate
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A measurement of the rate of removal of fish from a population by fishing. Fishing mortality rate can be reported as either annual or instantaneous. Annual mortality is the percentage of fish dying in one year. Instantaneous mortality is that percentage of fish dying at any one point in time.
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FMAX
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The level of fishing mortality that results in the greatest yield from the fishery.
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FMP
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Fishery management plan. A plan to achieve specified management goals for a fishery prepared under the authority of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976.
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FMSY
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The level of fishing mortality that results in the maximum sustainable yield.
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FOF
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The level of fishing mortality defined as overfishing.
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food chain
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A linear sequence of organisms that exists on successive trophic levels within a natural community, through which energy is transferred by feeding. Primary producers capture energy from the environment (through photoynthesis or chemosynthesis) and form the base of the food chain. Energy is then passed to primary consumers (herbivores) and on to secondary and tertiary consumers (carnivores and top carnivores) (e.g., phytoplankton are consumed by zooplankton are consumed by herring are consumed by salmon are consumed by killer whales). Once they die, these organisms are in turn consumed and their energy transferred to detrivores and decomposers. See also primary consumer and secondary consumer.
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food web
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A nonlinear network of feeding between organisms that includes many food chains, and hence multiple organisms on each trophic level. For example, both sharks and tuna eat herring, and sharks also eat tuna.
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fry
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Young fish that are able to swim and catch their own food.
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